| Name | Ctime |
|---|---|
| 01 - Transports | "2026-04-12T16:15:56.846Z" |
| 02 - Potentials | "2026-04-12T16:15:56.763Z" |
| 03 - Synapses | "2026-04-21T09:22:26.468Z" |
| Transports | "2026-05-01T12:48:55.534Z" |
max in physio: 9/32, metabolic bio: 14, cell signaling: 9.
WRONG ANSWER -0.25, correct +1
20 questions
cant correct answers. be sure before you write it in the black box.
Syllabus
- Transports (8 hours)
- Plasma membrane: structure and compositions. Water channels, ion channels, solute carriers, ATP-dependent transporters. Vesicular transports.
- Selective permeability of the membrane. Water and solutes transport across the membrane. Passive transport: diffusion and Fick’s law. Facilitated diffusion (uniports). Primary active transport: pumps. Secondary active transports: synports; antiports.
- Osmosis. Water and solutes transport across epithelia. Tonicity. Regulation of cell volume. The Gibbs-Donnan effect.
- Water compartments of the body, ionic composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids.
- Epithelial transport. Vectorial transport. Transcellular and paracellular transport.
- Fluid exchange in the capillaries. Capillary filtration: Starling equation. Hemorrhage. Lymphatic system. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.
- The membrane potential and the action potential (6 hours)
- The electrochemical balance. The Nernst equation. The membrane potential. The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. Electrical properties of the membrane. Depolarization and hyperpolarization. Ionic currents
- The action potential. The threshold. The regenerative mechanism. Changes in ion conductance during the action potential. The Hodgkin cycle. The refractory period. Propagation of electrotonic currents (time and length constants) and propagation of the action potential. Myelinated and unmyelinated axons
- The excitation of membranes and the voltage-gated channels in neurons, smooth muscle, and myocardiocytes
- Synaptic transmission (4 hours)
- Electric synapses. Chemical synapses. Synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Classification of neurotransmitters. Receptors.
- Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. EPSP and IPSP. Spatial and temporal summation. Presynaptic inhibition. The Neuromuscular junction.
- Sensory receptors (2 hours)
- Classification of sensory receptors. The adequate stimulus. The threshold. The receptor potential. Propagation of the signal along the neural pathway.
- Neural firing patterns transmit sensory information to the brain. Coding of the intensity of the stimulus. Adaptation. Receptive fields.
- General sensibility (4 hours)
- Receptors and fibers involved in the sense of touch, in kinesthesia, in thermal sensation and in pain. Pain physiology.
- General Principles of Muscle Physiology (3 hours)
- Skeletal muscle; cardiac muscle; smooth muscle
- Physiological Homeostasis (5 hours)
- General principles of the endocrine system. The endocrine role of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. The endocrine axis.
- The Autonomic Nervous System. Morphofunctional organization of the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric divisions. Action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems on the main organs. Central control of the autonomic function.
- Calcium and Phosphate (2 hours)
- Ca2+ and Pi metabolism. The Parathyroid hormone. Vitamin D. Calcitonin. General effects on kidney and GI tract. Bone physiology.